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Philosophy is defined as the use of logic and argument in looking for truth and knowledge of reality, especially of the causes and nature of things and of the ideology governing life, the material universe, awareness of corporeal phenomena and human behaviour. Also, search of comprehension for its own sake, love of wisdom, an integrated view of existence.

In researching key philosophers through 2,600 years of history, several patterns can be observed, particularly one of astounding physical progress of the natural sciences, but an offsetting decay of the human soul, or psychological “misfitting” with the world around us.

In the 20th century, the leading viewpoint has been existentialism, in which the anxious, death and time-haunted person is cajoled to have faith in himself, take on the world, and become an authentic human being, despite his conviction that the universe and human existence is absurd.

Are these philosophers befuddled! Talk about inconsistent opinions!

Accomplished, reflective minds have grappled all sorts of peculiar questions such as, why are we here, what’s it all about and what is reality. Can we know that anything exists outside the human intellect? Here are some extra philosophers’ views on why we are here and what to do about it.

Socrates thought that we all have knowledge of absolute truth inside. Plato urged us to abstain from bodily pleasures. Aristotle believed that we could be thoroughly contented in this life. Epicurus held garden parties and advised us to go after the greatest amount of earthly enjoyment, whilst avoiding pain. Zeno promoted a life of intelligence, and to stay away from physical comforts. The sceptics were sceptical about everything, including whether happiness was possible.

St. Augustine went even further, and preached that contentment was impossible in this world, since we were conscious of impending mortality – better to wait for the next one. Galileo affirmed that the universe is an open book, but that it is written in almost unintelligible mathematical code. Descartes distrusted his own body, the exterior world, and even his own brainpower, until he ultimately recognized that something was going on. Hobbes thought that we must be selfish, if only to stay alive. Spinoza was acutely into faith and science and persuaded that if we treasured both we would lead a pleasing life.

Hume gave in to the appetites, and believed we are slaves of experience. Rousseau hungered to become a primitive again, and his ideas motivated the bloody French Revolution. Kant stated we were developing satisfactorily towards becoming a sensible culture. Hegel held up the philosophical knowledge and the State as excellent examples of rational, intelligent mind. Shopenhauer blamed the unreasonable will for our difficulties, and somehow believed we could use reason to conquer this issue, although he was cynical regarding our odds.

Comte said God was dead long before Nietzsche, and formed sociology to save humanity from itself. Mill supported freedom and contentment for the utmost number of people, without defining what happiness meant. Kierkegaard made a leap of faith away from oblivion and into a pious life, to avoid the misery that comes with human existence. Marx jumped on the Hegel bandwagon, and stirred up the working caste to answer to their oppressors with insurgency, although there would be an intervening phase of dictatorship to be navigated before Utopia arrived.

Nietzsche encouraged us to become soldiers and rage against the cosmos, until we died, then pick ourselves up and fume some more. Husserl noticed something strange concerning his consciousness – it actually homed in on things in the outside world. Rand had the nerve to say that man is a rational creature!

If the greatest philosophers who have ever lived can’t concur on what truth is, or answer the key question of existence – why are we here? - then what are we being taught in school? Who is educated enough or wise enough to coach anybody else how to live? Reflecting on this, why would anyone follow anyone else, or be in wonder of anybody else?

Be bold and dare yourself to change your life and build your own original life of remarkable adventure and achievements without following anyone else – particularly not the philosophers!

Gary Hipworth is a life planning consultant who believes that all people are capable of being their own life coach. For this purpose he created Superlife Life Planning Software to help you discover how to change your life

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There are a lot of people who have recently discovered personal mastery as a method that could improve their way of life and deepen their perspective and outlook What is personal mastery and how can it improve your life?

Personal mastery is about deepening our understanding and expanding our perspective about life. Personal mastery develops vision, energies and enables us to determine what direction we are taking in our life. People who have achieved personal mastery testified that they would feel a positive change in their life.

There are different benefits an individual may gain from personal mastery:

ï Clear decision making - since an individual who have attained personal mastery has gained clear vision on their purpose and their mission in life, decision making would be easy and at the same clear for them.
ï Strong creative leadership - personal mastery develops strong leadership. Personal mastery can develop a personís communication skills and confidence as a leader. Effective leaders also need to manage their emotions and not let their emotions get in the way of making judgement.
ï Increased emotion intelligence ñ mastering our emotions could be difficult at times especially during period of difficult and challenging times. Coaching and counselling could improve how an individual develop and master their emotions.
ï Improved work life balance - those who have attained personal mastery testified that they can see significant effect on how they have handled their life. Whatís good with personal mastery is that you can implement this even in your career and interpersonal relationship.
ï Reduced stress levels ñ since personal mastery deals with understanding reality and weaknesses, it can result to lower stress levels. Aside from that, personal mastery also helps an individual accept change and be flexible about it. This could help a person deal with stress and reduce it.

Personal mastery can even help you let go of bad habits and behaviour. For example, personal mastery can help you get over with smoking or alcoholic addiction. You do not only address the habit but deals with the reason why you have started the habit in the first place. The difference is when you only address the habit, it is possible for it to come back again. But when you tackle the issues behind the habit, it would make you stop the habit altogether.

One of the great things about personal mastery is that it can be applied whether you want to improve your career, leadership or your organization. Personal mastery can even help you with career, whether you would like to change your path or would like to improve your performance in the current career you are in.

Business organizations have cited different benefits when their leaders and their members have achieved personal mastery. Studies and statistics showed that companies and business organization were able to think creatively about resolving issues. Personal mastery were also able to bring out the best from the employees and also able to have higher staff retention. Employers also comment on the strong relationship among the workers, personal mastery could encompass teams, departments and even workers and senior relationship. Business statistics also showed that personal mastery showed an increase in productivity, profit and customer service performance.

Personal mastery, contrary to what it literally means, is not just for your own person. Improving yourself could mean a lot, you are a part of a whole (another personal mastery key principle). Your improvement can influence others and eventually change the world into something better.

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This is one of the best Inspirational Books I’ve read.

On August 15, 1998 Bob Hellyer had a near death experience as he was involved in a motorcycle mishap which he cannot recall and found himself waking up in hospital. During the first 8 days, he was in and out of consciousness and has no memory of anybody who turned up to visit or anything that had gone on.

He found out that he had several injuries that included:

A cut across his right collar bone that called for 4 stitches. He had tore open his left leg across the lower chin bone and opened up the calf muscle along the chin bone to his knee, cutting nerves and arteries, he also crushed the lymph nodes in his knee.

Then he was advised that he had split his pelvis in half and the doctors weren’t certain what to do, when he pulled the blanket back to see, he was black and blue from his stomach to his thighs.

After being confined for 2 weeks, the doctor finally decided they had better operate and put Bob back together by introducing a metal plate and four screws through his pelvis. The physician did tell him that he was uncertain if this would succeed or not and that only time will tell. All he knew was that he was going to be a bed case for some time and possibly disabled. Within the subsequent week the nurse discovered that part of the flesh had died on his leg and they had to surgically remove all the disintegrating part and they wouldn’t do a skin graft, as it would be too great a risk, because if it developed any infections it would rapidly travel to the newly-installed metal in his pelvis.

Finally, by the end of September, they told Bob that he could go home, but only if he had somebody to take care of him, as he would be too weak to take care of himself. So, his daughter organized all his stuff to be placed into storage and he lived in her grandmother’s house for a month as his daughter was to be married on the 18th October 98.

Bob was committed to walk his daughter down the isle and not to be in the wheel chair. So, day after day he practiced on the crutches fighting his way through pain and dizzy moments, losing his balance repeatedly but just kept on trying everyday. He had to sit under the shower twice a day and scrub the lesion on his leg with a sterilized cloth until it bled as he wasn’t allowed to put anything on it.

His daughter’s wedding day came and Yes, he did walk her down the isle on his crutches. After giving her away and the service finished, he returned using the wheel chair and tried to enjoy the rest of the gathering. He never let anybody notice or know that he was in so much uneasiness and pain, but managed to stay until the end.

To see this story in its complete form with supplementary video, go to http://www.free-inspirational-videos.com/page/5/default.asp. Please check out Bob’s Inspirational Stories. Visit http://www.free-inspirational-videos.com for more Inspirational Books, Self Help Books, Inspirational Stories.